compared NMC523 precursors with different particle sizes (3, 6 and 9 μm). Their process included several steps, such as pre-calcination and pressing the material into pellets. investigated the optimal lithiation conditions for NMC111 and concluded that 18 h at 850 ☌ was optimal. Generally, the lithiation times used in the literature range from 12 to 24 h. In this work, we lithiated four precursors with different physical properties to determine how the precursor affects the optimal lithiation time.

Precursors with different physical properties, such as particle size and porosity, have different requirements for lithiation time and temperature. In addition, successful lithiation is the most important factor defining the capacity of cathode materials. To get the best possible performance out of a cathode material, particle size and morphology need to also be considered. Ĭhemical composition is not the only way to affect electrochemical properties. It shows a lower amount of oxygen release from structure during heating, which improves safety, and it has considerably smaller variation in cell volume during cycling, which leads to less microcracking and longer cycle life. However, NMC622 is a very stable material compared to, for example, NMC811. By today’s standards, NMC622 can almost be considered low-nickel because there is a constant push towards increasing the nickel content to 80% or higher in order to increase capacity. LiNi 0.6Mn 0.2Co 0.2O 2 (NMC622) was one ratio of interest in Noh et al. They were first introduced by Ohzuku and Makimura and later, researchers systematically investigated different nickel, cobalt and manganese ratios. Layered lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode materials are used in battery applications that require high energy density. Capacity retention after washing correlated with crystallographic properties of the sample. However, the volumetric energy density of porous material is low after lithiation compared to the other tested materials. A highly porous precursor can be lithiated faster than traditional large wide-span materials, and has low cation mixing and good crystallinity. In contrast, a large wide-span precursor requires over 10 h for full lithiation. Based on the characterization results, a small (3 μm), narrow span precursor can be lithiated in a short period of time (5 h) and has good initial discharge capacity (185 mA h g − 1) and capacity retention (93% for 55 cycles). The effects of the precursor properties on the degree of lithiation, electrochemical properties and volumetric capacities of lithiated product are compared. In this paper, Ni 0.6Mn 0.2Co 0.2(OH) 2 precursors with several different morphologies and particle sizes are mixed with Li 2CO 3 and heat treated for 5, 7.5 and 10 h.

Nmc cathode optimial particle size